Relationship between groundwater cadmium and vicinity resident urine cadmium levels in the non-ferrous metal smelting area,China

● This study systematically examined the relationship between groundwater Cd and UCL. ● The study covered 211 UCL and sociological characteristic from nine groundwater samples. ● We found a significant positive correlation between groundwater Cd and UCL. ● Smoking status and education level also significantly affected UCL. Cadmium (Cd) has received widespread attention owing to its persistent toxicity and non-degradability. Cd in the human body is mainly absorbed from the external environment and is usually assessed using urinary Cd. Hunan Province is the heartland of the Chinese non-ferrous mining area, where several serious Cd pollution events have occurred, including high levels of Cd in the urine of residents. However, the environmental factors influencing high urinary Cd levels (UCLs) in nearby residents remain unclear. Therefore, 211 nearby residents’ UCLs and the corresponding sociological characteristics from nine groundwater samples in this area were analyzed using statistical analysis models. Groundwater Cd concentration ranged from 0.02 to 1.15 μg/L, aligning with class III of the national standard; the range of UCL of nearby residents was 0.37–36.60 μg/L, exceeding the national guideline of 0–2.5 μg/L. Groundwater Cd levels were positively correlated with the UCL (P < 0.001, correlation coefficient 95 % CI = 9.68, R² = 0.06). In addition, sociological characteristics, such as smoking status and education level, also affect UCL. All results indicate that local governments should strengthen the prevention and abatement of groundwater Cd pollution. This study is the first to systematically evaluate the relationship between groundwater Cd and UCL using internal and external environmental exposure data. These findings provide essential bases for relevant departments to reduce Cd exposure in regions where the heavy metal industry is globally prevalent.     

Synthesis of branched allylic sulfones by regioselective boron-catalysed hydrosulfonylation

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Branched allylic sulfones are scaffolds widely distributed in bioactive molecules and organic functional materials. The synthesis of allylic sulfones has been...     

A pyrazine based metal-organic framework for selective removal of copper from strongly acidic solutions

● pz-UiO-66 was synthesized facilely by a solvothermal method. ● Efficient capture of copper from highly acidic solution was achieved by pz-UiO-66. ● pz-UiO-66 exhibited excellent selectivity and capacity for copper capture. ● Pyrazine-N in pz-UiO-66 was shown to be the dominant adsorption site. The selective capture of copper from strongly acidic solutions is of vital importance from the perspective of sustainable development and environmental protection. Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted the interest of many scholars for adsorption due to their fascinating physicochemical characteristics, including adjustable structure, strong stability and porosity. Herein, pz-UiO-66 containing a pyrazine structure is successfully synthesized for the efficient separation of copper from strongly acidic conditions. Selective copper removal at low pH values is accomplished by using this material that is not available in previously reported metal–organic frameworks. Furthermore, the material exhibits excellent adsorption capacity, with a theoretical maximum copper uptake of 247 mg/g. As proven by XPS and FT-IR analysis, the coordination of pyrazine nitrogen atoms with copper ions is the dominant adsorption mechanism of copper by pz-UiO-66. This work provides an opportunity for efficient and selective copper removal under strongly acidic conditions, and promises extensive application prospects for the removal of copper in the treatment for acid metallurgical wastewater.     

浦阳江流域(浦江县段)面源污染模型估算及河流生态缓冲带重点区域识别

以浦阳江流域(浦江县段)为研究区,从流域面源污染空间特征入手,提出浦阳江流域岸边带建设的重点区域.采用DPeRS面源污染负荷估算模型,具体分析了2018年浦阳江流域面源污染负荷空间分布特征,并采用面向对象方法提取了岸线和河流生态缓冲带土地覆盖类型,以汇水区为单元,结合面源污染估算结果识别了浦阳江流域河流生态缓冲带重点区...     

飞机起落架材料防护技术现状及研究进展

介绍了飞机起落架高强度钢的防护工艺及其防护特点。传统的防护工艺主要是镀铬和镀镉工艺,目前出现了无氰镀镉-钛、高速火焰喷涂(HVOF)涂层、低氢脆刷镀镉等新型防护工艺。通过对各新型防护工艺与传统工艺的工艺性能及耐腐蚀性能进行对比发现,各新型防护工艺都能很好地取代传统的防护工艺应用于飞机起落架的保护。     

昌江核电站运营前附近海域总β放射性水平

在昌江核电站运营前,研究人员对其附近海域做了水质、沉积物和海洋生物总β放射性调查,并与我国其他海域及昌江核电站周围的陆地环境做了对比。结果表明:（1）海水样品总β比活度范围为0.040～0.074 Bq/L,平均值为0.054 Bq/L,与渤海、黄海、东海、南海近海、大亚湾核电站等海域相比,昌江核电站海域海水中总β放射性水平相对较低;（2）表层沉积物中总β比活度范围为257～925 Bq/kg,平均值为653 Bq/kg,研究海域沉积物中总β放射性水平与香港、青岛、阳江等海域水平相当;（3）海洋生物样品中总β比活度范围为8.7～63.8 Bq/kg,平均值为48.0 Bq/kg,海鱼类、虾类和贝类体内总β平均值分别为56.7 Bq/kg、63.4 Bq/kg和24.0 Bq/kg,鱼类和虾类明显大于贝类。本研究可为今后科学、合理地评价核电站运行对海洋环境的影响提供重要的数据支撑。     

GC/MS/MS法结合SPME进样测定饮用水中亚硝胺类化合物

本文利用岛津公司GCMS-TQ8050 NX三重四极杆气质联用仪以及AOC-6000自动进样器的SPME Arrow功能,建立了一种饮用水中亚硝胺类化合物的测定方法.水样经固相微萃取方式萃取后采用多反应监测模式(MRM)进行检测.11种亚硝胺类化合物在线性范围内线性关系良好,标准曲线相关系数(R) ＞0.999,检出限...     

Effects of Zr substitution on soot combustion over cubic fluorite-structured nanoceria: Soot-ceria contact and interfacial oxygen evolution

Ceria is widely used as a catalyst for soot combustion, but effects of Zr substitution on the reaction mechanism is ambiguous. The present work elucidates effects of Zr substitution on soot combustion over cubic fluorite-structured nanoceria. The nanostructured CeO₂, Ce_0.92Zr_0.08O₂, and Ce_0.84Zr_0.16O₂ composed of 5–6 nm crystallites display T_m-CO2 (the temperature at maximum CO₂ yield) at 383, 355, and 375°C under 10 vol.% O₂/N₂, respectively. The size of agglomerate decreases from 165.5 to 51.9–57.3 nm, which is beneficial for the soot-ceria contact. Moreover, Zr increases the amount of surface oxygen vacancies, generating more active oxygen (O₂^? and O^?) for soot oxidation. Thus, the activities of Ce_0.92Zr_0.08O₂ and Ce_0.84Zr_0.16O₂ in soot combustion are better than that of CeO₂. Although oxygen vacancies promote the migration of lattice O^2?, the enriched surface Zr also inhibits the mobility of lattice O^2?. Therefore, the T_m-CO2 of Ce_0.84Zr_0.16O₂ is higher than that of Ce_0.92Zr_0.08O₂. Based on reaction kinetic study, soot in direct contact with ceria preferentially decomposes with low activation energy, while the oxidation of isolated soot occurs through diffusion with high activation energy. The obtained findings provide new understanding on the soot combustion over nanoceria.     

苦马豆素致糖基转移酶活性改变对小鼠生殖激素分泌的影响

苦马豆素是疯草主要有毒成分,抑制α-甘露糖苷酶的活性,引起N-聚糖加工过程失调。笔者课题组前期研究得出:苦马豆素致糖蛋白激素(促卵泡素和促黄体素)糖基化位点上糖链结构发生改变,引起促性腺激素功能发生改变。而苦马豆素中毒对家畜生殖激素分泌的调节机制尚不明确。苦马豆素腹腔注射对小鼠进行染毒,收集妊娠期和分娩期小鼠的血液、子宫和卵巢组织,检测糖基转移酶活性、生殖激素水平及其受体mRNA和类固醇限速酶蛋白质表达量。结果表明:在妊娠和分娩期,苦马豆素致子宫内膜固有层大量低聚糖蓄积,显著抑制N-聚糖加工过程关键糖基转移酶的活性(P0.05);染毒组小鼠血液的生殖激素包括促卵泡素(FSH)、促黄体素(LH)、雌激素(E2)和孕酮(P4)水平显著低于对照组(P0.05)。在整个妊娠周期,染毒组小鼠4种激素受体mRNA的表达量显著低于对照组(P0.05)。在妊娠后期,染毒组小鼠3-β羟基类固醇脱氢酶(3-βHSD)和芳香化酶(CYP19A1)蛋白表达量显著低于对照组(P0.05)。苦马豆素可使N-聚糖加工紊乱,引起促性腺激素分泌降低,进一步降低生殖激素受体和性类固醇激素限速酶的表达量,致使性类固醇激素分泌下降,导致生殖激素分泌紊乱,最终结果造成机体繁殖性能下降。     

中国农田肥料N2O直接和间接排放重新评估

农田肥料(氮肥、复合肥、有机肥)是我国N₂O最大的排放源,其估计直接决定了排放总量的可靠性.为此,重新评估了中国农田肥料N₂O的直接和间接排放,选择2008年县域尺度活动数据、具有空间分异性的本土排放因子和参数来重新评估其排放规模、结构、空间格局及不确定性;通过与IPCC、EDGAR等国内外研究结果的对比分析,阐述该排放清单的可靠性和全面性.结果表明,2008年我国农田肥料N₂O排放总量为617.1 Gg(处于213.7~1149.2 Gg之间),其中,氮肥直接排放为458.8 Gg(74.5%),有机肥直接排放为121.0 Gg(19.6%),挥发沉降和淋溶径流造成的间接排放分别为28.0 Gg(4.5%)和9.3 Gg(仅占1.5%左右).排放集中在华北平原、东北的松辽平原、华中的淮河流域和四川盆地,以及华南的珠三角、雷州半岛和台湾地区的县(区、市、旗),主要分布在江苏(52.4 Gg)、四川(48.0 Gg)、湖北(43.2 Gg)、广东(40.8 Gg)、河南(39.6 Gg)、安徽(38.4 Gg)、湖南(31.6 Gg)、山东(28.9 Gg),其累积规模为全国总量的52%,其中,近50%的贡献源于164个县(区、市、旗).本排放清单具有更高的准确度和空间分辨率,而基于IPCC (2006)排放因子及参数的估计排放总量高估了约8.3%,对直接排放和间接排放则分别低估了12.5%和高估了330%.此外,在空间格局上还表现出高值区低估和低值区高估的特点,在491和1225个县(区、市、旗)的相对偏差超过了100%和50%,特别指出的是,间接排放在大部分县(区、市、旗)的相对偏差达到135%左右.